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41.
Preliminary Assessment of the Common Land Model Coupled with the IAP Dynamic Global Vegetation Model 下载免费PDF全文
The Common Land Model(CoLM) was coupled with the IAP Dynamic Global Vegetation Model(IAPDGVM), and the performance of this combined CoLMIAP model was evaluated. Offline simulations using both the original Common Land Model(CoLM-LPJ) and CoLM-IAP were conducted. The CoLM-IAP coupled model showed a significant improvement over CoLMLPJ, as the deciduous tree distribution decreased over temperate and boreal regions, while the distribution of evergreen trees increased over the tropics. Some biases in CoLM-LPJ were preserved, including the overestimation of evergreen trees in tropical savanna, the underestimation of boreal evergreen trees, and the absence of boreal shrubs. However, most of these biases did not exist in a further coupled simulation of IAP-DGVM with the Community Land Model(CLM), for which the parameters of IAP-DGVM were optimized. This implies that further improvement is needed to deal with the differences between CoLM and CLM in parameterizations of landbased physical and biochemical processes. 相似文献
42.
海南铜鼓岭国家级自然保护区海域珊瑚的分布及其健康状况评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
沿铜鼓岭国家级自然保护区海岸南北两侧沿岸布设8个站位,采用断面监测法调查了珊瑚的种类多样性、覆盖率、死亡率和补充量等指标,并利用健康指数(CI)评估了铜鼓岭珊瑚礁生态系统的健康状况和遭受环境压力的程度.本次调查共发现铜鼓岭造礁石珊瑚11科23属40种,软珊瑚8种,造礁石珊瑚和软珊瑚覆盖率分别为13.8%和19.4%,该海域珊瑚礁生态系统保存较为完好和健康.铜鼓岭珊瑚的覆盖率呈现明显的空间分布特征,北侧珊瑚覆盖率为0.1%~9.8%之间,远低于南侧的水平(8.1%~66.1%).从珊瑚补充量来看,铜鼓岭北侧珊瑚的恢复能力基本为零,而铜鼓岭以南的区域可以有0.4个/m^2珊瑚新个体.通过比较2006年以来珊瑚种类、覆盖率、死亡率、补充量、健康指数等方面的调查数据,认为铜鼓岭保护区的珊瑚礁生态系统得到有效保护,珊瑚礁生态系统处于健康状态. 相似文献
43.
低轨卫星通信系统在通信领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。针对不同类型星座覆盖能力和星际链路建立条件存在的差异,设计了极轨道和倾斜圆轨道低轨卫星星座,利用STK验证了两种星座的覆盖能力和星际链路AER特性,利用NS2对两种星座卫星网络的时延、吞吐量和丢包率等性能指标进行了仿真,并对所得数据进行了对比分析,结果表明:在由32颗卫星(轨道高度1450 km )构成的低轨星座中,极轨星座的全球覆盖能力、星际链路建立条件和卫星网络性能优于倾斜圆轨道星座,更适合于构建全球低轨卫星通信系统。 相似文献
44.
In Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs), the establishment of woody vegetation refers to flowering, fertiliza- tion, seed production, germination, and the growth of tree seedlings. It determines not only the population densities but also other important ecosystem structural variables. In current DGVMs, establishments of woody plant functional types (PFTs) are assumed to be either the same in the same grid cell, or largely stochastic. We investigated the uncertainties in the competition of establishment among coexisting woody PFTs from three aspects: the dependence of PFT establishments on vegetation states; background establishment; and relative establishment potentials of different PFTs. Sensitivity experi- ments showed that the dependence of establishment rate on the fractional coverage of a PFT favored the dominant PFT by increasing its share in establishment. While a small background establishment rate had little impact on equilibrium states of the ecosystem, it did change the timescale required for the establishment of alien species in pre-existing forest due to their disadvantage in seed competition during the early stage of invasion. Meanwhile, establishment purely fiom background (the scheme commonly used in current DGVMs) led to inconsistent behavior in response to the change in PFT specification (e.g., number of PFTs and their specification). Furthermore, the results also indicated that trade-off between irtdividual growth and reproduction/colonization has significant influences on the competition of establishment. Hence, further development of es- tablishment parameterization in DGVMs is essential in reducing the uncertainties in simulations of both ecosystem structures and successions. 相似文献
45.
46.
浅析地理国情普查内容分类体系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为确保第一次全国地理国情普查的顺利进行,需要对普查内容分类体系有一致、深入的理解与认识。本文先后分析了地理国情普查内容分类的原则和采用的三级分类与编码体系,讨论了不同门类普查数据的表示方法,提出了基于决策树思想的一级类可靠判译方法,最后通过比较分析,指出了该分类体系与其他已有体系的异同,可为深入理解地理国情普查内容提供有益参考。 相似文献
47.
48.
John D. Bunton 《Experimental Astronomy》2001,11(1):193-206
Future radiotelescopes need ever increasing sensitivity. With the limits of receiver sensitivity being reached this can only
be achieved by increasing collecting area. The increase in antenna numbers and the multi-resolution capabilities of these
telescopes, such as the SKA, means a significant departure from existing designs is needed. In this article, some fundamental
designs for antenna arrays that uniformly sample the UV plane are presented. The SKA is used to provide target specifications.
The designs presented allow asymmetric configurations providing more freedom for site selection. They also allow a direct
tradeoff between field of view and correlator complexity.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
49.
Wind-blown sand is one of the key factors affecting the evolution of sediment transport,erosion,and deposition in rivers crossing desert areas.However,the differences and complex variations in the spatial and temporal distribution of the underlying surface conditions are seldom considered in research on the river inflow of wind-blown sand over a long time period.The Yellow River contains a large amount of sediment.The Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River was selected as the research ... 相似文献
50.